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Puppy Selection Aptitude
Test
Developed
by Joachim and Wendy Volhard
www.volhard.com
Puppy
(color, sex) ___________ litter _________________ date ____________
| TEST |
PURPOSE |
SCORE |
# |
| SOCIAL
ATTRACTION
Place puppy in test area about four feet from the tester.
Tester kneels, leans backwards and coaxes the pup to her/him
by clapping hands gently. |
Degree
of social attraction to people, confidence, or dependence.
Pack Drive.
|
Came
readily, tail up, jumped, bit at hands. |
1 |
| Came
readily, tail up, pawed, licked at hands. |
2 |
| Came
readily, tail up. |
3 |
| Came
readily, tail down |
4 |
| Came
hesitantly, tail down. |
5 |
| Didn't
come at all. |
6 |
| FOLLOWING
The
tester stands up and slowly walks away encouraging the puppy
to follow. Make sure the pup sees you walk away. Coax puppy
to follow by talking to it and attracting its attention. |
Willingness
to follow a person.
Pack
Drive. |
Followed
readily, tail up, got underfoot, bit at feet. |
1 |
| Followed
readily, tail up, got underfoot. |
2 |
| Followed
readily, tail up |
3 |
| Followed
readily, tail down.
|
4 |
| Followed
hesitantly, tail down. |
5 |
| Did
not follow or went away. |
6 |
| RESTRAINT
The
tester crouches down and gently rolls the pup on its back
and holds it down with light pressure with one hand for 30
seconds. |
Degree
of dominance or submissive tendency, and ease of handling
in difficult situations.
Fight
or Flight Drive.
|
Struggled
fiercely, flailed, bit. |
1 |
| Struggled
fiercely, flailed. |
2 |
| Settled,
struggled, settled with some eye contact. |
3 |
| Struggled
then settled. |
4 |
| No
struggle, no eye contact. |
5 |
| No
struggle, straining to avoid eye contact. |
6 |
| SOCIAL
DOMINANCE
Puppy
sits or stands on crouching tester's left side and tester
gently strokes it from the head to back. Continue stroking
until a recognizable behavior is established. |
Degree
of acceptance of social dominance by a person.
Pack
Drive. |
Jumped,
pawed, bit, growled. |
1 |
| Jumped,
pawded. |
2 |
| Cuddled
up to tester and tried to lick face. |
3 |
| Squirmed,
licked at hands. |
4 |
| Rolled
over, licked at hands. |
5 |
| Went
away and stayed away. |
6 |
| ELEVATION
DOMINANCE
The
tester cradles the pup under its chest, with both hands, fingers
interlaced, palms up and gently lifts it two feet off the
ground, and holds it there for 30 seconds. |
Degree
of accepting dominance while in position of no control.
Fight
or Flight Drive. |
Struggled
fiercely, tried to bite. |
1 |
| Struggled
fiercely. |
2 |
| Struggled,
settled, struggled, settled. |
3 |
| No
struggle, relaxed. |
4 |
| No
struggle, body stiff. |
5 |
| No
struggle, froze. |
6 |
| RETRIEVING
The
tester crouches beside the pup and attracts its attention
with a crumpled up piece of paper. When the pup shows some
interest, the tester tosses the paper no more than four feet
in front of the pup, encouraging it to retrieve the paper. |
Degree
of willingness to do something for you. Together with social
attraction and following, a key indicator for ease or difficulty
in training.
Prey
Drive. |
Chased
object, picked it up and ran away. |
1 |
| Chased
object, stood over it, did not return. |
2 |
| Chased
object, picked it up and returned with it to tester. |
3 |
| Chased
object and returned without it to tester. |
4 |
| Started
to chase object, lost interest. |
5 |
| Did
not chase object. |
6 |
| TOUCH
SENSITIVITY
The
tester locates the webbing of one of the puppy's front paws
and presses it lightly between his index finger and thumb.
The tester gradually increases pressure while counting to
10 and stops the pressure when the puppy pulls away or shows
discomfort.
*
Do not use your fingernail when performing this test.
Press between the finger and thumb lightly then more firmly
until you get a response. |
Degree
of sensitivity to touch and a key indicator to the type of
training equipment required. |
8-10
counts before response. |
1 |
| 6-7
counts before response. |
2 |
| 5-6
counts before response. |
3 |
| 2-4
counts before response. |
4 |
| 2-3
counts before response. |
5 |
| SOUND
SENSITIVITY
The puppy is placed in the center of the testing area and
an assistant stationed at the perimeter makes a sharp noise,
such as banging a metal spoon on the bottom of a metal pan.
|
Degree
of sensitivity to sound.
(Also a rudimentary test
for deafness.)
Prey Drive.
|
Listened,
located sound, walked toward it barking. |
1 |
| Listened,
located sound, barked. |
2 |
| Listened,
located sound, showed curiosity and walked toward sound. |
3 |
| Listened,
located the sound. |
4 |
| Cringed,
backed off, hid. |
5 |
| Ignored
sound, showed no curiosity. |
6 |
| SIGHT
SENSITIVITY
The puppy is placed in the center of the testing area. The
tester ties a string around a bath towel and jerks it across
the floor two feet away from puppy. |
Degree
of response to a moving object, such as chasing bicycles,
children or squirrels.
Prey Drive.
|
Looked,
attacked and bit. |
1 |
| Looked,
barked and tail up. |
2 |
| Looked
curiously, attempted to investigate. |
3 |
| Looked,
barked, tail-tuck. |
4 |
| Ran
away, hid. |
5 |
| STABILITY
An umbrella is opened about five feet from the puppy and gently
placed on the ground. |
Degree
of startle response to a strange object.
Fight
and Flight Drive. |
Looked
and ran to the umbrella, mouthing or biting it. |
1 |
| Looked
and walked to the umbrella, smelling it cautiously. |
2 |
| Looked
and went to investigate. |
3 |
| Sat
and looked, but did not move toward the umbrella. |
4 |
| Ran
away from the umbrella. |
5 |
| Showed
no interest. |
6 |
| STRUCTURE
The
puppy is gently set and held in a natural stance and evaluated
for structure in the following categories:
- Straight
front
- Straight
rear
- Shoulder
lay back
- Front
angulation
-
Croup angulation
- Rear
angulation
(see
diagram below) |
Degree
of structural soundness.
Good
structure is necessary. |
The
puppy is correct in structure. |
good |
| The
puppy has a slight fault or deviation. |
fair |
| The
puppy has an extreme fault or deviation. |
poor |
Interpreting
the Scores
Mostly
1's A puppy that consistently scores a 1 in the temperament
section of the test is an extremely dominant, aggressive puppy who
can easily be provoked to bite. His dominant nature will attempt
to resist human leadership, thus requiring only the most experienced
of handlers. This puppy is a poor choice for most individuals and
will do best in a working situation as a guard or police dog.
Mostly
2's This pup is dominant and self-assured. He can be provoked
to bite; however he readily accepts human leadership that is firm,
consistent and knowledgeable. This is not a dog for a tentative,
indecisive individual. In the right hands, he has the potential
to become a fine working or show dog and could fit into an adult
household, provided the owners know what they are doing. Often has
bouncy, outgoing temperament: may be too active for elderly, and
too dominant for small children.
Mostly
3's This pup is outgoing and friendly and will adjust well
in situations in which he receives regular training and exercise.
He has a flexible temperament that adapts well to different types
of environment, provided he is handled correctly. May be inclined
to be active so might be too much dog for a family with small children
or an elderly couple who are sedentary. Makes a good obedience prospect
and usually has a common sense approach to life.
Mostly
4's A pup that scores a majority of 4's is an easily controlled,
adaptable puppy whose submissive nature will make him continually
look to his master for leadership. This pup is easy to train, reliable
with kids, and, though he lacks self-confidence, makes a high-quality
familly pet. He is usually less outgoing than a pup scoring in the
3's, but his demeanor is gentle and affectionate.
Mostly
5's This is a pup who is extremely submissive and lacking
in self-confidence. He bonds very closely with his owner and requires
regular companionship and encouragement to bring him out of himself.
If handled incorrectly, this pup will grow up very shy and fearful.
Not a good choice for a beginner since it frightens easily, and
takes a long time to get used to new experiences. For this reason,
he will do best in a predictable, structured lifestyle with owners
who are patient and not overly demanding, such as an elderly couple.
Mostly
6's A puppy that scores 6 consistently is independent and
uninterested in people. He will mature into a dog who is not demonstrably
affectionate and who has a low need for human companionship. Not
recommended for children who may force attention on him; he is not
a beginner's dog. In general, it is rare to see properly socialized
pups test this way; however there are several breeds that have been
bred for specific tasks (such as basenjis, hounds, and some northern
breeds) which can exhibit this level of independence. To perform
as intended, these dogs require a singularity of purpose that is
not compromised by strong attachments to their owner.
a) When combined with 1's (especially in restraint);
the independent dog is likely to bite under stress.
b) When combined with 5's the independent dog is
likely to hide from people, or freeze when approached by a stranger.
No
clear patterns (several 1's, 2's and 5's):
This dog may not be feeling well. Perhaps just ate or was recently
wormed. Wait two days and re-test. If the test still shows wide
variations (lots of 1's and 5's), it is probably unpredictable and
unlikely to be a good pet or obedience dog.
SCORING
TIPS
3
in Social Attraction and Social Dominance:
The socially attracted dog is more easily taught to come and is
more cuddly and friendly. Its interest in people can be a useful
tool in training, despite other scores.
1
in Restraint and 1 in Touch Sensitivity:
The dominant aggressive dog, insensitive to touch, will be a handful
to train and extremely difficult for anyone other than an exceptionally
competent handler.
5
in Stability:
This is likely to be a "spooky" dog which is never desirable.
It requires a great deal of extra work to get a spooky dog adapted
to new situations and they generally cannot be depended upon in
a crisis.
5
in Touch and Sound Sensitivity:
May also be very "spooky" and needs delicate handling
to prevent the dog from becoming frightened.
The
remainder of the puppy test is an evaluation of obedience aptitude
and working ability and provides a general picture of a pup's intelligence,
spirit, and willingness to work with a human being. For most owners,
a good companion dog will score in the 3 to 4 range in this section
of the test. Puppies scoring a combination of 1's and 2's require
experienced handlers who will be able to draw the best aspects of
their potential from them.
Important note...regarding the Touch Sensitivity test - Do
not use your fingernail when performing this test. Press between
the finger and thumb lightly then more firmly until you get a response.
See
other dog training articles
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